Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, October 11, 2026

Assessment as of: 7:45 PM ET

Data Cutoff: 12:15 PM ET

 Click here to see ISW’s interactive map of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This map is updated daily alongside the static maps present in this report.

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 Click here to access ISW’s archive of interactive time-lapse maps of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. These maps complement the static control-of-terrain map that ISW produces daily by showing a dynamic frontline. ISW will update this time-lapse map archive monthly.

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 US President Donald Trump unilaterally announced that Russia and Ukraine have agreed to an “energy ceasefire” between Russia and Ukraine on October 11. Neither Russia nor Ukraine has officially announced or recognized an energy ceasefire as of this writing. Trump stated that both Russia and Ukraine agreed to an energy ceasefire, effective immediately.[1] There is no clear consensus on the proclaimed ceasefire, however. A senior Ukrainian official close to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky stated to the Financial Times (FT) that Ukraine had no information about the ceasefire at the time of the announcement.[2] Zelensky responded that the proclaimed ceasefire was “news for [him]” but that Ukraine supports the ceasefire if Russia does as well.^[3] Zelensky met with NATO officials to discuss the energy ceasefire and reiterated Ukraine’s commitment to all genuine de-escalatory measures to end the war.[4] Zelensky reported later on October 11 that Russian forces struck the Kharkiv City Thermal Power Plant No. 5 and caused significant power outages just hours after Trump's ceasefire announcement.[5] The Kremlin has not issued a public reaction to Trump’s announcement as of this writing.

 Some Russian milbloggers questioned the veracity of the energy ceasefire that Trump announced. A Kremlin-affiliated Russian milblogger claimed on October 11 that it is odd that the news about the ceasefire came from Washington instead of the Kremlin or Ukraine.[6] Another Russian milblogger claimed that Trump made a similar announcement of a Russia-Ukraine energy ceasefire on September 14, 2026, which did not materialize, implying that Trump’s October 11 ceasefire announcement is similarly premature or unsubstantiated.^[7] Russian ultranationalist milbloggers represent an important part of Russian President Vladimir Putin's constituency, often amplifying Kremlin narratives and illuminating key aspects of Russian geostrategic thinking. The milbloggers’ skepticism of the ceasefire suggests that the Russian state is not preparing to engage in an energy ceasefire. The Kremlin has continually postured since 2025 that it has no desire to conclude or adhere to any ceasefire in Ukraine that does not result in a full Russian victory.[8]

 Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky reaffirmed his willingness to hold elections in Ukraine in accordance with Ukraine’s Constitution, which would require a comprehensive ceasefire. Zelensky stated on October 11 that he is ready to organize elections in Ukraine if Russia agrees to a 60-day comprehensive ceasefire, which would allow Ukraine to ensure election security.[9] Zelensky has repeatedly offered concessions to hold elections, as long as Ukraine receives the security guarantees to ensure the safety of the electoral process.[10] Ukraine’s constitution and national laws prohibit elections under martial law.^[11] Securing a peace deal or a long-term ceasefire is thus a prerequisite for elections in Ukraine. Russian forces launch hundreds of drones and missiles against Ukraine daily, intentionally targeting civilians and critical infrastructure, preventing Ukraine from lifting martial law and organizing elections.[12]

The Kremlin continues to demonstrate its commitment to continuing the war, thereby denying Ukraine the prerequisite ceasefire necessary to hold elections. Russian Security Council Chairperson Dmitry Medvedev stated on October 11 that Russian forces on the battlefield and ballistic weapons are the only tools bringing Russia closer to victory in Ukraine.[13] Russian strikes killed over 150 civilians in the last week (between October 4 and 11), and Medvedev's statement demonstrates how Russia sees victory in Ukraine through the lens of inflicting maximum damage to Ukraine’s strategic rear such that Ukraine will capitulate to Russia's demands.[14] Russian officials’ claims regarding negotiations and elections come as Ukraine has significant momentum on the battlefield and are likely intended to fracture Western support for Ukraine, which has contributed to recent Ukrainian military successes.[15] The Kremlin likely assesses that Russian forces will be able to regain lost momentum on the battlefield from recent Ukrainian counterattacks and continue the war if it can convince Western states to pull support from Ukraine. The temporary US suspension of intelligence sharing in March 2025 enabled Russian advances in Kursk Oblast, for example, and Moscow likely seeks a repeat shutoff of critical US intelligence sharing.[16] The Kremlin is therefore attempting to perpetuate the false narrative that Ukraine is the obstacle to peace, shifting Russia’s responsibility for undermining good faith negotiations to Ukraine, while insisting on its maximalist demands and refusing to compromise.^[17] Russia deliberately leverages Ukraine's constitutional inability to hold elections due to Russia’s war to manipulate the negotiations process and protract the war. Russia can enable Ukraine to hold elections at any point by agreeing to a ceasefire that the US and Ukraine have offered numerous times.

 The Russian government partially lifted its internally imposed ban on Russian diesel fuel exports on October 10. However, Russia’s ability to supply and deliver the quantities of diesel fuel within the timeframe to which Russia and the United States agreed remains unclear. The Kremlin announced on October 10 that it partially lifted its ban on diesel fuel exports, allowing Russia to export 500,000 tons of diesel fuel to the global market.[18] Trump announced on October 9 that he had reached an agreement with Putin, under which Russia will immediately supply over 300,000 tons of diesel to the US and global markets, another 500,000 tons in November 2026, and significantly larger amounts depending on Russia’s oil refining capacity thereafter.[19] It remains unclear whether Russia has diesel to export at scale. The Kremlin banned exports of Russian diesel fuel in July 2026, following Ukrainian strikes against Russian oil infrastructure that had degraded as much as 45 percent of Russia’s oil processing capacity and had caused nationwide gasoline shortages.[20] Russia reportedly imported 176,000 tons of petroleum products, mostly diesel, from South Korean ports in July and August 2026.[21] FT reported on October 11, citing industry experts, that Russian refineries can currently produce roughly 5.8 million tons of diesel a month, with between 1.2 million and 2 million tons likely available for export, assuming Russian refineries will resume normal operations.[22] FT also noted that even if Russia exported 500,000 tons of diesel in November 2026, such an export would supply less than four percent of global demand. Russia’s ability to meet the announced diesel fuel volumes in its new agreement with the US depends upon its ability to physically deliver the fuel under adverse conditions and the Kremlin’s willingness to export large amounts of diesel fuel at the expense of Russia’s domestic fuel market stability.

 Ukrainian forces are conducting a targeted long-range strike campaign against Russian data centers to degrade Russia's telecommunications and digital infrastructure and deny Russia the ability to fund its war in Ukraine. Ukrainian forces struck a Yandex (Russia's closest analogue to Google) data center in Vladimir City, Vladimir Oblast (roughly 600 kilometers from the international border) overnight on October 10 to 11, Ukraine's third strike against Yandex data centers in the past four days.[23] The strike caused a fire and significant internet service disruptions across various Yandex services, temporarily affecting businesses, internet service consumers, and Russia's critical infrastructure in Russia, as well as users in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Serbia.[24] The Yandex Press Service confirmed that the Ukrainian strike completely halted the Vladimir data center’s operations and that Yandex shifted the data center’s operations into an unstable emergency mode.[25] Ukrainian forces previously struck two of Yandex’s largest data centers in Sasovo, Ryazan Oblast (roughly 530 kilometers from the international border), on October 8 and one in Kaluga City, Kaluga Oblast (roughly 373 kilometers from the international border), on October 9.[26] A Russian opposition outlet reported on October 11 that Ukrainian strikes likely disabled three out of Yandex’s five largest supercomputers.[27] Data provided by the Internet Outage Detection and Analysis research organization indicates that Yandex’s Cloud network lost approximately 78 percent of its response capacity to external connections since October 8, following Ukrainian strikes.[28] Russia has thus far managed to offset widespread internet disruptions caused by the strikes, and Russia’s telecommunications networks have only experienced temporary disruptions.[29] It remains unclear whether Ukraine will be able to successfully continue its long-range strike campaign against Russian Yandex data centers or the extent to which Russia will be able to defend against Ukrainian strikes and mitigate potential further damage.

An unidentified, likely Russian drone entered Moldovan airspace on the evening of October 10, as Russia continues to normalize its increasing violations of European airspace. Moldovan authorities reported on October 11 that an unidentified drone flew over Anenii Noi, Moldova (about 10 kilometers from the Moldovan-Ukrainian border), before the drone crashed in a forest outside of Germana (southwest of Anenii Noi and about 20 kilometers from the international border).[30] Moldovan authorities have not publicly attributed the incursion to Russia, but the incident is consistent with a pattern of Russian drones entering Moldovan and NATO airspace amidst Russian long-range strikes against far western areas of Ukraine.[31] The October 11 incident likely falls within the Kremlin's continued kinetic activity and efforts to normalize increasingly intense and frequent European airspace violations.[32]

 Key Takeaways:

• US President Donald Trump unilaterally announced that Russia and Ukraine have agreed to an “energy ceasefire” between Russia and Ukraine on October 11. Neither Russia nor Ukraine has officially announced or recognized an energy ceasefire as of this writing.
• Some Russian milbloggers questioned the veracity of the energy ceasefire that Trump announced.
• Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky reaffirmed his willingness to hold elections in Ukraine in accordance with Ukraine’s Constitution, which would require a comprehensive ceasefire.
• The Kremlin continues to demonstrate its commitment to continuing the war, thereby denying Ukraine the prerequisite ceasefire necessary to hold elections.
• Russia deliberately leverages Ukraine’s constitutional inability to hold elections due to Russia’s war to manipulate the negotiations process and protract the war. Russia can enable Ukraine to hold elections at any point by agreeing to a ceasefire that the US and Ukraine have offered numerous times.
• The Russian government partially lifted its internally imposed ban on Russian diesel fuel exports on October 10. However, Russia’s ability to supply and deliver the quantities of diesel fuel within the timeframe to which Russia and the United States agreed remains unclear.
• Ukrainian forces are conducting a targeted long-range strike campaign against Russian data centers to degrade Russia's telecommunications and digital infrastructure and deny Russia the ability to fund its war in Ukraine.
• An unidentified, likely Russian drone entered Moldovan airspace on the evening of October 10, as Russia continues to normalize its increasing violations of European airspace.
• Ukrainian forces conducted a drone strike against the Sochi Airport overnight on October 10 to 11. Russia launched 116 drones against Ukraine overnight.
• Ukrainian forces recently advanced in northern Sumy Oblast and in the Velykyi Burluk direction.  

 We do not report in detail on Russian war crimes because these activities are well-covered in Western media and do not directly affect the military operations we are assessing and forecasting. We will continue to evaluate and report on the effects of these criminal activities on the Ukrainian military and the Ukrainian population and specifically on combat in Ukrainian urban areas. We utterly condemn Russian violations of the laws of armed conflict and the Geneva Conventions and crimes against humanity even though we do not describe them in these reports.

 Ukrainian Operations in the Russian Federation

• Russian Supporting Effort – Northern Axis

• Russian Supporting Effort – Push Ukrainian forces back from the international border with Belgorod Oblast and approach Kharkiv City

• Russian Supporting Effort – Capture the remainder of Luhansk Oblast and push westward into eastern Kharkiv Oblast
• Russian Main Effort – Capture Ukraine's Fortress Belt and complete the seizure of Donetsk Oblast (comprised of 4 subordinate main efforts)
• Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Encircle the Fortress Belt from the northwest via Lyman and Svyatohirsk (assessed objective of the Russian 25th Combined Arms Army and elements of the Western Grouping of Forces)
• Russian Subordinate Main Effort #2 – Advance on the Fortress Belt from the east (assessed objective of the Russian 3rd Combined Arms Army and Southern Grouping of Forces elements)
• Russian Subordinate Main Effort #3 – Advance on the Fortress Belt from the south (assessed Objective of the Russian 8th Combined Arms Army and Southern Grouping of Forces elements)
• Russian Subordinate Main Effort #4 – Encircle the Fortress Belt from the southwest, west of the Kazenyi Torets River (assessed objective of elements of the Russian Central Grouping of Forces)
• Russian Supporting Effort – Advance into Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
• Russian Supporting Effort – Southern Axis
• Russian Air, Missile, and Drone Campaign
• Significant Activity in Belarus

Ukrainian Operations in the Russian Federation

See topline text for Ukrainian strikes against a data center in Vladimir Oblast.

Ukrainian forces conducted a drone strike against the Sochi Airport overnight on October 10 to 11. Ukrainian forces likely struck an administrative building at the Sochi Airport overnight on October 10 to 11, according to images published on October 11 showing a fire at an administrative building at the airport.[33] The Krasnodar Krai Task Force claimed on October 11 that drone fragments struck an unspecified area of the Sochi Airport, causing a fire.[34]

Ukrainian forces continued their long-range strike campaign against Russian radar systems. Ukrainian forces recently struck a Russian air defense system near Adler, Krasnodar Krai (roughly 560 kilometers from the frontline), according to geolocated footage published on October 10.[35]

 Ukrainian forces continued to strike Russian oil infrastructure, causing ongoing damage to Russia’s oil refining capacity. Open-source satellite imagery published on October 11 shows a large fire at the Samara Linear Production and Dispatch Station (LPDS) near Prosvet, Samara Oblast (roughly 937 kilometers from the international border), after a likely Ukrainian strike.[36] The imagery reportedly shows damage to all of the RVSPK-50000 tanks and about 40 percent of the RVS-20000 tanks at the Samara LPDS. Ukrainian forces conducted several strikes against the Samara LPDS in October 2026.[37] A Ukrainian open-source intelligence (OSINT) source published satellite imagery and claimed on October 10 that a Ukrainian strike against the Volgograd Lukoil-Volgogradneftepererabotka Oil Refinery in Volgograd City, Volgograd Oblast (roughly 472 kilometers from the frontline), on October 2 seriously damaged equipment at the refinery’s primary facilities.[38] The same OSINT source claimed on October 10 that the Syzran Oil Refinery (roughly 805 kilometers from the frontline) is yet to resume operations after repeated Ukrainian strikes since August 2026.[39]

Russian Supporting Effort – Northern Axis (Russian objective: Create defensible buffer zones in Sumy Oblast along the international border)

 Ukrainian forces recently advanced east of Sumy City. A Russian milblogger acknowledged on October 11 that Ukrainian forces are counterattacking from Mala Rybytsya into forested areas east of Velykyi Prykil (both east of Sumy City), implying that Ukrainian forces maintain positions between Mala Rybytsya and Velykyi Prykil, contrary to Russian claims.[40] The Russian milblogger additionally claimed that Russian forces advanced southwards toward Nova Sich (northeast of Sumy City).

 Russian forces are reportedly conducting fewer assault operations east of Sumy City, as less leaf density in forested areas offers less concealment for Russian forces. A source reporting on the Russian Northern Grouping of Forces (GoF) claimed on October 11 that Russian forces are conducting fewer assault missions in forested areas east of Krasnopillya (east of Sumy City), as a reduction in leaf density in these forests from seasonal changes offers less concealment to attacking Russian forces.[41]

Russian Supporting Effort – Kharkiv Oblast (Russian objective: Push Ukrainian forces back from the international border to create a defensible buffer zone with Belgorod Oblast and approach Kharkiv City)

 Russian forces continued offensive operations in northern Kharkiv Oblast on October 10 and 11 but did not advance.[42]

Ukrainian forces recently either advanced or maintained positions northeast of Velykyi Burluk, as Russian forces conducted an infiltration mission in the area. Three Ukrainian tanks on the T-2104 Vovchansk-Chuhunivka highway west of Anyskyne (northeast of Velykyi Burluk) and southwest of the settlement struck Russian positions, according to geolocated footage published on October 11.[43] The footage demonstrates that Ukrainian forces advanced to the highway and that Russian forces have infiltrated southwest of Anyskyne. Ukrainian forces appear to be using a new protection tactic involving the use of drone escorts to intercept Russian drones attempting to strike Ukrainian tanks.[44]

The Russian Ministry of Defense (MoD) claimed on October 11 that Russian forces seized Riznykove and Kupyne (both north of Velykyi Burluk).[45] The Russian Northern GoF credited elements of the 344th Motorized Rifle Regiment (69th Motorized Rifle Division, 6th Combined Arms Army [CAA], Leningrad Military District [LMD]) and elements of the 34th Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade (49th CAA, Southern Military District [SMD], under the operational control of the Northern GoF) with the claimed seizure of Riznykove and Kupyne. ISW previously expanded Russian claims over Kupyne on August 22 after a Russian milblogger claimed that Russian forces seized Kupyne.[46]

Russian Supporting Effort – Oskil River (Russian objective: Cross the Oskil River in Kharkiv Oblast and push westward into eastern Kharkiv Oblast and northern Donetsk Oblast)

Russian milbloggers claimed that Russian forces concentrated attacks southeast of Kupyansk near Kupyansk-Vuzlovyi on October 10 and 11 and that Ukrainian forces counterattacked northeast of Kupyansk near Radkivka.[47]

Russian forces reportedly struck a Ukrainian ground line of communication (GLOC) over the Oskil River in the Kupyansk direction. A source reporting on the Russian Western GoF claimed on October 11 that Russian forces struck a bridge over the Oskil River near Petrivka (south of Kupyansk).[48]

Russian forces continued limited offensive operations northeast of Borova on October 10 and 11 but did not advance.[49]

Russian Main Effort – Capture Ukraine's Fortress Belt and complete the seizure of Donetsk Oblast

 Russian Subordinate Main Effort #1 – Encircle the Fortress Belt from the northwest (Russian objective: Seize Lyman and cross the Siverskyi Donets River to support a wide encirclement of the Fortress Belt – assessed objective of the Russian 25th Combined Arms Army and Western Grouping of Forces elements)

 Russian forces continued offensive operations in the Lyman tactical area on October 10 and 11 but did not advance as Ukrainian forces counterattacked north and south of Lyman.[50] A Russian milblogger claimed on October 10 that Russian forces maintained positions in central Zarichne (northeast of Lyman) but continued to defend from Ukrainian counterattacks both north and south of Zarichne.[51]

 Russian Subordinate Main Effort #2 – Advance on the Fortress Belt from the east (Russian objective: Advance on Slovyansk, Kramatorsk, and Druzhkivka from the east – assessed objective of the Russian 3rd Combined Arms Army and Southern Grouping of Forces elements)

 Russian forces concentrated offensive operations east of Slovyansk along the southern bank of the Siverskyi Donets River on October 10 and 11 but did not advance, as Ukrainian forces continued counterattacks near Rai-Oleksandrivka (east of Slovyansk).[52]

 Russian Subordinate Main Effort #3 – Advance on the Fortress Belt from the south (Russian objective: Advance on Kostyantynivka and Druzhkivka from the south and southwest, east of the Kazenyi Torets River – assessed objective of the Russian 8th Combined Arms Army and Southern Grouping of Forces elements)

 Russian forces concentrated offensive operations near Kostyantynivka itself and southwest of Druzhkivka along the Kazenyi Torets River on October 10 and 11 but did not advance.[53] Ukrainian forces either advanced or maintained positions in western Kostyantynivka contrary to Russian claims, according to geolocated footage published on October 10.[54]

 Russian Subordinate Main Effort #4 – Encircle the Fortress Belt from the southwest (Russian objective: Conduct a wide encirclement of the Fortress Belt from near Dobropillya and Pokrovsk west of the Kazenyi Torets River – assessed objective of the Russian 51st Combined Arms Army and Central Grouping of Forces elements)

The Russian MoD continues to use artificial intelligence-altered (AI) footage of flag-raising missions to make false claims of advance. Russian sources published footage on October 11 purportedly showing a Russian servicemember raising a flag in Petrivka (northeast of Dobropillya and roughly 10 kilometers from the furthest extent of Russian advances).[55] The Russian MoD used this footage to subsequently claim that Russian forces seized Petrivka and Novotroitske (just northeast of Petrivka).[56] Russian sources continue to use AI-generated and -altered videos to assert territorial control over areas of Ukraine that Russian forces have not seized, as both a cognitive warfare effort to portray Ukrainian forces’ defense as collapsing and to reinforce lies within the Russian military itself.[57] These continued claims are particularly notable in the Dobropillya direction, as the Russian MoD continues to assert false claims that Russian forces have encircled Ukrainian forces in Dobropillya, contrary to all available evidence.[58]

 Russian Supporting Effort – Advance into Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Russian objective: Interdict Ukrainian ground lines of communication that support Ukrainian positions in Donetsk Oblast and envelop Ukrainian positions in southwestern Donetsk Oblast – assessed objective of elements of the Russian Central and Eastern groupings of forces)

 Neither Russian nor Ukrainian sources reported ground activity in the Novopavlivka direction on October 11.

Russian forces continued offensive operations northeast of Oleksandrivka on October 10 and 11, as Ukrainian forces counterattacked in the area.[59] Russian milbloggers claimed that Russian forces recaptured southern Fedorivka (northeast of Oleksandrivka) and are conducting clearing operations in Yalta and Myrne (both northwest of Fedorivka).[60] A milblogger claimed that Ukrainian forces counterattacked toward Komar (immediately north of Fedorivka).[61]

Russian Supporting Effort – Southern Axis (Russian objective: Maintain frontline positions, secure rear areas against Ukrainian strikes, and advance within tube artillery range of Zaporizhzhia City – assessed objective of the Russian Eastern and Dnepr grouping of forces)

Russian forces continued offensive operations northwest to southwest of Hulyaipole on October 10 and 11 but did not advance.[62]

Ukrainian forces recently advanced south of Orikhiv as Russian forces continued efforts to envelop Orikhiv from the northwest and northeast. Ukrainian forces recently advanced northeast of Novodanylivka (south of Orikhiv), according to geolocated footage published on October 10.[63] A Russian milblogger claimed that Russian forces advanced northwest of Novopavlivka (northwest of Orikhiv). [64]Another milblogger claimed that Russian forces are attempting to reach Tavriiske (northwest of Orikhiv and along the H-08 Zaporizhzhia City-Orikhiv highway) and Yurkivka (southwest of Tavriiske on the opposite bank of the Kinska River).[65] A milblogger complained about the slow Russian rate of advance in the Orikhiv direction due to Russia's inability to sustain offensive operations and claimed that Russian forces are suffering from personnel shortages in the area.[66]

Russian forces continue to hunt civilians using human safari tactics in Kherson City. Geolocated footage published on October 10 shows a Russian drone dropping grenades on a civilian and a likely civilian vehicle driving in Kherson City.[67] Russian forces in the Kherson direction have long employed human safari tactics, in which Russian drone operators purposefully hunt civilians as part of the broader effort to institutionalize intentional civilian harm as a tool of war.[68]

Russian Air, Missile, and Drone Campaign (Russian Objective: Target Ukrainian military and civilian infrastructure in the rear and on the frontline)

Note: The Ukrainian military ceased regularly reporting the numbers of Russian missiles fired and the number of missiles intercepted as of August 11.[69]

 Russian forces conducted a series of drone strikes against Ukraine on the night of October 10 to 11, causing power outages in Kyiv City and Kyiv Oblast. The Ukrainian Air Force reported on October 11 that Russian forces launched 116 Shahed-type (including 95 jet-powered drones) and Gerbera-type strike drones and Parodiya-type decoy drones from the directions of Oryol and Kursk cities; Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Krasnodar Krai; occupied Donetsk City; and occupied Hvardiiske, Crimea.[70] The Ukrainian Air Force reported that Ukrainian forces downed 94 drones (including 74 jet-powered drones), that an unspecified number of drones struck seven locations, and that debris fell on nine locations. Russian strikes against a residential building in Zaporizhzhia City killed at least 23 civilians, including four children, and injured at least 32 civilians, including three children.[71] Ukrainian energy companies Ukrenergo and DTEK introduced emergency power outages in Kyiv City and Oblast.[72]

Zelensky stated on October 11 that Russian forces conducted 196 strikes against Ukrainian electrical infrastructure and 20 strikes against oil infrastructure this week (from about October 4 to 11), killing 153 civilians.[73]

Russian forces continue their long-range strike campaign targeting Ukrainian data centers. Ukrainian telecommunications company TENET reported on October 10 that Russian forces struck and significantly damaged the company’s technological facilities, causing internet service disruptions.[74] TENET reported that it is unclear whether it will be able to continue operating the damaged site. The Russian MoD acknowledged that Russian forces struck the TENET data center in Odesa Oblast.[75] Russian forces have intensified their strikes against Ukrainian data centers in mid-September 2026 to degrade the Ukrainian economy and force the Ukrainian populace to surrender.[76]

Significant activity in Belarus (Russian efforts to increase its military presence in Belarus and further integrate Belarus into Russian-favorable frameworks)

The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) began conducting two exercises in Belarus as of October 11. The Indestructible Brotherhood-2026 command staff exercise involving CSTO Peacekeeping Forces is ongoing in Vitebsk, and the Barrier-2026 exercise involving Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical defense forces is ongoing in Starye Dorogi.[77] Military contingents from Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan are participating in the exercises.

Note: ISW does not receive any classified material from any source, uses only publicly available information, and draws extensively on Russian, Ukrainian, and Western reporting and social media as well as commercially available satellite imagery and other geospatial data as the basis for these reports. References to all sources used are provided in the endnotes of each update.